by Anil Jalela | Dec 22, 2024 | Linux
HTTP status codes are three-digit responses sent by a web server to indicate the outcome of a client’s request to the server. These codes help the client understand whether a request was successful, whether there was an error, or if further action is needed.
| Status Code |
Category |
Description |
| 1XX |
Informational |
Informational responses indicate that the request was received and understood, and further action is needed by the client. |
| 100 |
Informational |
Continue: The client should continue with its request. |
| 101 |
Informational |
Switching Protocols: The server is switching protocols as requested by the client. |
| 102 |
Informational |
Processing: The server has received and is processing the request, but no response is available yet. |
| 103 |
Informational |
Early Hints: Provides preliminary responses to the client before the final response is ready. |
| 2XX |
Success |
Success codes indicate that the client’s request was successfully received, understood, and accepted. |
| 200 |
Success |
OK: The request was successful, and the server returned the requested resource. |
| 201 |
Success |
Created: A new resource was successfully created. |
| 202 |
Success |
Accepted: The request has been accepted for processing but is not yet completed. |
| 203 |
Success |
Non-Authoritative Information: The request was successful, but the information may come from a different source. |
| 204 |
Success |
No Content: The request was successful, but there is no content to return. |
| 205 |
Success |
Reset Content: The client should reset the view or form that sent the request. |
| 206 |
Success |
Partial Content: The server is delivering only part of the resource due to a range header sent by the client. |
| 207 |
Success |
Multi-Status: The response contains multiple status codes, used for WebDAV. |
| 208 |
Success |
Already Reported: The members of a DAV binding have already been enumerated in a previous reply. |
| 226 |
Success |
IM Used: The server fulfilled a GET request for the resource, and the response is a result of instance-manipulations applied to the current instance. |
| 3XX |
Redirection |
Redirection codes indicate that further action needs to be taken by the client to complete the request. |
| 300 |
Redirection |
Multiple Choices: The request has more than one possible response. The user-agent or user should choose one of them. |
| 301 |
Redirection |
Moved Permanently: The resource has been permanently moved to a new URL. |
| 302 |
Redirection |
Found: The resource is temporarily available at a different URL. |
| 303 |
Redirection |
See Other: The client should retrieve the resource from another URI using a GET request. |
| 304 |
Redirection |
Not Modified: The resource has not been modified since the last request, so the client can use the cached version. |
| 307 |
Redirection |
Temporary Redirect: The resource is temporarily available at a different URI, and the request method should not change. |
| 308 |
Redirection |
Permanent Redirect: The resource has been permanently moved to a new URI, and the request method should not change. |
| 4XX |
Client Error |
Client error codes indicate that the client seems to have made an error in the request. |
| 400 |
Client Error |
Bad Request: The server cannot process the request due to a client error (e.g., malformed syntax). |
| 401 |
Client Error |
Unauthorized: Authentication is required to access the resource. |
| 402 |
Client Error |
Payment Required: Reserved for future use. |
| 403 |
Client Error |
Forbidden: The server understood the request but refuses to authorize it. |
| 404 |
Client Error |
Not Found: The requested resource could not be found on the server. |
| 405 |
Client Error |
Method Not Allowed: The request method is not supported for the requested resource. |
| 406 |
Client Error |
Not Acceptable: The requested resource is capable of generating only content not acceptable according to the Accept headers sent in the request. |
| 407 |
Client Error |
Proxy Authentication Required: The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy. |
| 408 |
Client Error |
Request Timeout: The server timed out waiting for the request. |
| 409 |
Client Error |
Conflict: The request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the resource. |
| 410 |
Client Error |
Gone: The resource requested is no longer available and will not be available again. |
| 411 |
Client Error |
Length Required: The request did not specify the length of its content, which is required by the requested resource. |
| 412 |
Client Error |
Precondition Failed: The server does not meet one of the preconditions that the requester put on the request. |
| 413 |
Client Error |
Content Too Large: The request is larger than the server is willing or able to process. |
| 414 |
Client Error |
URI Too Long: The URI provided was too long for the server to process. |
| 415 |
Client Error |
Unsupported Media Type: The media format of the requested data is not supported by the server. |
| 416 |
Client Error |
Range Not Satisfiable: The range specified by the Range header field in the request cannot be fulfilled. |
| 417 |
Client Error |
Expectation Failed: The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field. |
| 421 |
Client Error |
Misdirected Request: The request was directed at a server that is not able to produce a response. |
| 422 |
Client Error |
Unprocessable Content: The server understands the content type of the request entity, but was unable to process the contained instructions. |
| 423 |
Client Error |
Locked: The resource that is being accessed is locked. |
| 424 |
Client Error |
Failed Dependency: The request failed due to failure of a previous request. |
| 425 |
Client Error |
Too Early: Indicates that the server is unwilling to risk processing a request that might be replayed. |
| 426 |
Client Error |
Upgrade Required: The server refuses to perform the request using the current protocol but might be willing to do so after the client upgrades to a different protocol. |
| 428 |
Client Error |
Precondition Required: The origin server requires the request to be conditional. |
| 429 |
Client Error |
Too Many Requests: The user has sent too many requests in a given amount of time. |
| 431 |
Client Error |
Request Header Fields Too Large: The server is unwilling to process the request because its header fields are too large. |
| 451 |
Client Error |
Unavailable for Legal Reasons: The resource is unavailable due to a legal demand to deny access to it. |
| 5XX |
Server Error |
Server error codes indicate that the server failed to fulfill a valid request. |
| 500 |
Server Error |
Internal Server Error: The server encountered an unexpected condition, such as a misconfigured application or script error, that prevented it from fulfilling the request. |
| 501 |
Server Error |
Not Implemented: The server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the request, often due to a missing module or unsupported method. |
| 502 |
Server Error |
Bad Gateway: The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid response from an upstream server, often due to a reverse proxy or gateway issue. |
| 503 |
Server Error |
Service Unavailable: The server is temporarily unable to handle the request due to temporary overloading or maintenance of the server. |
| 504 |
Server Error |
Gateway Timeout: The server, acting as a gateway or proxy, did not receive a timely response from an upstream server or some other auxiliary server (e.g., DNS) it needed to access in order to complete the request. |
| 505 |
Server Error |
HTTP Version Not Supported: The server does not support the HTTP protocol version used in the request. |
| 506 |
Server Error |
Variant Also Negotiates: The server has an internal configuration error: the chosen variant resource is configured to engage in content negotiation itself, and is therefore not a proper endpoint in the negotiation process. |
| 507 |
Server Error |
Insufficient Storage: The server is unable to store the representation needed to complete the request, often due to a lack of disk space. |
| 508 |
Server Error |
Loop Detected: The server detected an infinite loop while processing a request with a resource, often due to circular references. |
| 511 |
Server Error |
Network Authentication Required: The client needs to authenticate to gain network access, often required by captive portals. |
by Anil Jalela | Dec 3, 2024 | Linux
A shared client pool is essential for email sending as it allows us to maintain a collection of IP addresses and resources that multiple clients can use. This approach optimizes resource management, ensures load balancing, and provides a stable service—especially for smaller senders or new customers who lack the email volume to justify their own dedicated IP.
Why Do We Need Shared Client Pools?
1. IP Pool Management
By pooling IP addresses, we can rotate and manage sending IPs effectively.
This prevents overloading any single IP, which could lead to deliverability issues.
Pooling also enables better management of sender reputation by distributing email traffic across different IPs.
2. Pre-Warmed Reputation
If the majority of senders follow good practices, the pool benefits from an established positive reputation.
Smaller senders or new accounts can achieve good deliverability without needing to build their own reputation from scratch.
3. Inconsistent and Low Volumes
Shared IP pools are ideal for clients with low or inconsistent email volumes.
ISPs like Yahoo, Microsoft, and Google deprioritize emails from low-volume or inconsistent IPs, making shared pools a more reliable option.
4. Warm-Up
Shared IPs are already warmed up and actively used, eliminating the need to gradually increase email volume as required for a dedicated IP.
5. Cost-Management
Dedicated IPs come with additional fees, whereas shared IP pools provide better deliverability at a lower cost.
Depending on one or two dedicated IPs increases the risk of deliverability issues, but shared pools distribute traffic across multiple IPs, mitigating that risk.
6. Reputation Management
A shared client pool helps maintain a consistent sender reputation.
We use shared reputation scores for IPs and domains, benefiting all clients by improving overall deliverability.
7. Minimize the Risk
Clients with similar sending patterns can be grouped together, minimizing risks and ensuring consistent deliverability across the shared pool.
Shared client pools are crucial for maintaining reliable email deliverability. They are especially beneficial for small or new senders by providing cost-effective, reputation-enhancing, and risk-reducing email sending solutions compared to dedicated IPs.
by Anil Jalela | Nov 22, 2024 | Linux
Email Metrics Calculator
Fill in the boxes below to calculate your metrics. Each input field corresponds to a value required for the calculation.
Email Metrics Calculator Formula:-
Delivery Rate: Delivery Rate = (Emails Delivered / Emails Sent) × 100
Bounce Rate: Bounce Rate = (Bounced Emails / Emails Sent) × 100
Open Rate: Open Rate = (Emails Opened / Emails Delivered) × 100
Click-Through Rate (CTR): CTR = (Unique Clicks / Emails Delivered) × 100
Click-to-Open Rate (CTOR): CTOR = (Unique Clicks / Unique Opens) × 100
Spam Complaint Rate: Spam Complaint Rate = (Spam Complaints / Emails Delivered) × 100
Unsubscribe Rate: Unsubscribe Rate = (Unsubscribes / Emails Delivered) × 100
Engagement Rate: Engagement Rate = (Unique Opens + Unique Clicks / Emails Delivered) × 100
Inbox Placement Rate (IPR): IPR = (Emails in Inbox / Emails Delivered) × 100
Email ROI: ROI = (Revenue from Campaign – Cost of Campaign / Cost of Campaign) × 100
Hard Bounce Rate: Hard Bounce Rate = (Hard Bounces / Emails Sent) × 100
Soft Bounce Rate: Soft Bounce Rate = (Soft Bounces / Emails Sent) × 100
Effective Delivery Rate: Effective Delivery Rate = (Emails Delivered – (Spam Complaints + Unsubscribes) / Emails Sent) × 100
Read Rate: Read Rate = (Emails Read / Emails Delivered) × 100
Forward/Share Rate: Forward/Share Rate = (Emails Forwarded or Shared / Emails Delivered) × 100
List Growth Rate: List Growth Rate = (New Subscribers – Unsubscribes – Bounced Emails / Total Subscribers) × 100
Retention Rate: Retention Rate = (Active Subscribers / Total Subscribers) × 100
Email Engagement Index (EEI): EEI = (Open Rate Weight × Open Rate + Click Rate Weight × Click Rate + Reply Rate Weight × Reply Rate)
Revenue Per Email Sent (RPE): RPE = Total Revenue from Campaign / Emails Sent
Conversion Rate: Conversion Rate = (Conversions / Emails Delivered) × 100
Engagement Score: Engagement Score = (Opens + Clicks + Replies / Emails Delivered)
Spam Rate: Spam Rate = (Emails Marked as Spam / Emails Sent) × 100
Reactivation Rate: Reactivation Rate = (Reactivated Subscribers / Total Inactive Subscribers) × 100
Churn Rate: Churn Rate = (Unsubscribes + Complaints / Total Subscribers) × 100
Average Revenue Per Subscriber (ARPS): ARPS = Total Revenue / Total Subscribers
Engagement Drop-off Rate: Engagement Drop-off Rate = (Unsubscribes + Inactive Users / Total Subscribers) × 100
Reply Rate: Reply Rate = (Replies / Emails Delivered) × 100
by Anil Jalela | Nov 20, 2024 | Email
Topics to Learn for Advanced Email Deliverability Techniques.
Mail Server Management: In-depth study of configuring and managing servers such as PowerMTA, Zimbra, Postfix, Strongmail, Qmail, and Exim.
Advanced Email Authentication: Best practices for implementing SPF, DKIM, DMARC, and BIMI, and managing DMARC reports for insights.
Bounce Management: Strategies for handling soft and hard bounces to improve email deliverability.
Spam Filters and Reputation Management: Tools like SpamCop, Watchguard, and Project Honey Pot to manage spam complaints and sender reputation.
Blacklist Management: Techniques for avoiding and recovering from IP or domain blacklisting.
Email Warm-up Strategies: Current methods for warming up domains, IPs, and email accounts to ensure high deliverability.
Content Optimization: Advanced techniques for avoiding spam filters, such as refining message headers, HTML coding, and keyword filtering.
ISP and ESP-Specific Expertise
Tools: Learn advanced features of ReturnPath, Google Postmaster Tools, Microsoft SNDS, 250Ok (now part of Validity), and Email On Acid.
ISP-Specific Compliance: Understanding the delivery mechanisms of Gmail, Yahoo, Outlook, and AOL.
ESP Tools: Hands-on experience with platforms like SendGrid, SES, Mailchimp, Benchmark, MailWizz, Interspire, Sendy, and MailTrain.
Marketing Automation & Analytics
Email Segmentation: Master advanced segmentation techniques based on user behavior, engagement, and demographics.
A/B Testing and Optimization: Learn how to conduct systematic testing for subject lines, email content, and CTAs to optimize performance.
Behavioral Triggers: Setting up automated workflows based on user interactions and lead scoring.
ROI-Driven Campaign Management: Using analytics to improve open rates, click rates, and conversions for campaign optimization.
Emerging Email Trends
AI and Machine Learning: Leverage AI for personalized email campaigns, predictive deliverability analysis, and insights into user behavior.
Zero-Party Data Utilization: Use voluntarily shared data from users to enhance segmentation and personalization strategies.
Dark Mode Optimization: Designing email templates that are optimized for dark mode compatibility across various devices.
AMP for Email: Explore dynamic content delivery within emails using AMP.
Domain Alignment and BIMI: Strengthen brand trust by ensuring domain alignment and implementing BIMI (Brand Indicators for Message Identification).
Lead Generation and Outreach
LinkedIn Outreach: Creating targeted LinkedIn campaigns, advanced research using Sales Navigator, and automating LinkedIn lead generation.
Data Collection: Online research for lead sourcing and utilizing email validation and enrichment tools like Snovio and SalesQL.
Social Media Outreach: Best practices for DM campaigns on platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.
eCommerce and Advanced Campaigns
eCommerce Platforms: Master the integration of Klaviyo with Shopify, WooCommerce, and BigCommerce, and crafting pre-purchase, cart abandonment, and post-purchase flows.
Segmentation and Personalization: Learn advanced segmentation techniques and how to personalize campaigns based on user behavior for better targeting.
Email Marketing Tools
Tool Mastery: Deep-dive into tools like Gmass, Sendinblue, Mailchimp, Sendgrid, Mailer Lite, Mailer Cloud, Blue Core, and Mailtester and compare their features and use cases for email campaigns.
Compliance and Legal Considerations
Email Marketing Laws: Understand and comply with global email marketing laws like GDPR, CAN-SPAM, and CCPA to ensure legal compliance in all campaigns.
Additional Tools and Certifications
Tool Certifications:
HubSpot Email Marketing Certification
Google Analytics for Marketers
Klaviyo Email Marketing Certification
Salesforce Pardot Specialist
Marketo Certified Expert
Deliverability & Anti-Spam Certifications:
Certified by ReturnPath (Validity)
Certified Email Marketing Professional (CEMP)
M3AAWG Training on Anti-Abuse & Deliverability Practices
Cloud Platforms:
AWS SES and Pinpoint
Google Cloud (Cloud DNS for email-related configurations)
Microsoft Azure (SMTP and transactional email setups)
Technical Skills
DNS Management: Master advanced configurations for SPF, DKIM, DMARC, and MX records.
Postfix and PowerMTA Tuning: Optimize performance and queue management.
Python for Email Analytics: Use Python for data analysis, automation scripts, and email deliverability audits.
Soft Skills
Email Copywriting: Learn to craft compelling, conversion-driven email content.
Cross-Channel Strategy: Integrate email marketing with LinkedIn, SMS, and other outreach channels for comprehensive campaigns.
Recommended Tools to Master
Deliverability Monitoring Tools:
250Ok (Validity)
GlockApps
Postmaster by Gmail
EmailConsul
Warmbox
Anti-Spam Monitoring & Reputation Tools:
MXToolbox
Talos Intelligence
Barracuda Central
Marketing Automation:
ActiveCampaign
HubSpot
Autopilot
Testing & Preview Tools:
Litmus
Email on Acid
Lead Generation & Outreach Tools:
Instantly
Lemlist
Apollo.io
Woodpecker.co
Data Tools:
Hunter.io
Snov.io
Clearbit
